12pc F Clamp Bar Clamp 4X 6, 4X 12 & 4 x 24 Long Quick Slide Wood Clamp

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computer and board games are a subgenre of strategy games, [1] [2] [3] and include both turn-based and real-time strategy titles. [4] [5] The gameplay involves building an empire, [6] which takes place in a setting such as Earth, [24] a fantasy world, or in space. [9] Each player takes control of a different civilization or race with unique characteristics and strengths. Most 4X games represent these racial differences with a collection of economic and military bonuses. MobyGames – Sid Meier's Civilization". MobyGames. Archived from the original on 16 June 2008 . Retrieved 2008-06-24. GameSpot Best Games of 2008: Best Strategy Game". GameSpot. 2008-12-24. Archived from the original on 2013-01-24 . Retrieved 2014-05-05.

a b Geryk, Bruce (2001-03-30). "A History of Real-Time Strategy Games – Dune II". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 2008-05-16 . Retrieved 2008-07-26. abbreviation of Explore, Expand, Exploit, Exterminate) is a subgenre of strategy-based computer and board games, [1] [2] [3] and includes both turn-based and real-time strategy titles. [4] [5] The gameplay generally involves building an empire. [6] Emphasis is placed upon economic and technological development, as well as a range of military and non-military routes to supremacy. Paradox Interactive is a company that was spun out from developing video game adaptions of board games from Target Games. Through 2000 and 2003, the company began producing their own grand strategy video games, which included the Europa Universalis series dealing with conflicts in early modern Europe , the Crusader Kings series set in the Middle Ages, the Victoria series set in the Victorian period, and the Hearts of Iron series involving World War II. These series, as of 2023, remain under active development at Paradox, along with Stellaris (2016), a grand strategy title based on space conflict. [58] Paradox also acquired the Age of Wonders series, which is a 4X series based on a high fantasy world that includes elements of magic. [88]Ocampo, Jason (2006-02-07). "Gamespot Review – Galactic Civilizations II: Dread Lords Hands-On – The Spiritual Heir to Master of Orion II?". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 2006-12-22 . Retrieved 2008-07-26. Surette, Tim (2007-03-21). "Sins of a Solar Empire beta unveiled". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 2020-11-21 . Retrieved 2008-07-26. Sager, Tyler (2006-06-16). "Galactic Civilizations Review". Gaming Nexus. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11 . Retrieved 2008-07-26.

In 1991, Sid Meier released Civilization and popularized the level of detail that has become common in the genre. [61] Sid Meier's Civilization was influenced by board games such as Risk and the Avalon Hill board game also called Civilization. A notable similarity between the Civilization computer game and board game is the importance of diplomacy and technological advancement. Sid Meier's Civilization was also influenced by personal computer games, such as the city management game SimCity and the wargame Empire. [62] Civilization became widely successful and influenced many 4X games to come; [61] Computer Gaming World compared its importance to computer gaming to that of the wheel. [63] Armada 2525 was also released in 1991 and was cited by the Chicago Tribune as the best space game of the year. [64] A sequel, Armada 2526, was released in 2009. [65]In the board (and card) game domain, 4X is less of a distinct genre, in part because of the practical constraints of components and playing time. The Civilization board game that gave rise to Sid Meier's Civilization, for instance, includes neither exploration nor extermination. Unless extermination is targeted at non-player entities, it tends to be either nearly impossible (because of play balance mechanisms, since player elimination is usually considered an undesirable feature) or certainly unachievable (because victory conditions are triggered before extermination can be completed) in board games. Zimmerman, Aaron (July 30, 2016). " Scythe review: The most-hyped board game of 2016 delivers". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on July 30, 2016 . Retrieved August 12, 2017. Through the Ages: A Story of Civilization is a board game for 2–4 players designed by Vlaada Chvatil and published by Czech Board Games in 2006. Its theme is the development of human civilization and the players determine the progress of their own civilization in different fields including culture, government, leadership, religion and science. [102] The game won multiple awards including the International Gamers Awards in 2007 and Game of the Year in Poland in 2010, where it was published as Cywilizacja: Poprzez Wieki. [103] Scythe is a board game for one to five players designed by Jamey Stegmaier and published by Stonemaier Games in 2016. Set in an alternate history version of 1920s Europe, players control factions that produce resources, develop economic infrastructure, and use dieselpunk war machines, called "mechs", to engage in combat and control territories. [104] Players take up to two actions per turn using individual player boards, and the game proceeds until one player has earned six achievements. At this point, the players receive coins for the achievements they have attained and the territories they control, and the player with the most coins is declared the winner. [105] As of June 2023 [update], BoardGameGeek listed slightly over 200 board games classified under 4X type, including titles such as Eclipse (2011) and Heroes of Land, Air & Sea (2018). [106] See also [ edit ]

So this 3:2 ratio is what most digital camera sensors use. That means most digital viewfinders are the same ratio. Parker, Sam (2003-03-24). "Review – Master of Orion III (PC)". CNet. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11 . Retrieved 2008-07-26. Interview: Master of Orion III -- A Chat with the Developers". GameSpy.com. 14 January 2009. Archived from the original on 14 January 2009 . Retrieved 8 February 2022. In modern-day usage, 4X games are different from other strategy games [14] [15] [16] such as Command & Conquer [15] [17] by their greater complexity and scale, [18] and their complex use of diplomacy. [14]As we mentioned earlier, image cropping is inevitable with some cameras. If you include crucial picture components close to the edges, you’re playing a risky game and might not get the most ideal 4×6 printing result.

a b Rausch, Allen "Delsyn" (2003-03-28). "GameSpy Review – Galactic Civilizations". GameSpy. Archived from the original on 2012-09-07 . Retrieved 2014-05-05. a b c d "Moby Games' 4x games Group Description". MobyGames. Archived from the original on 18 June 2008 . Retrieved 2008-06-23. David Welsh (April 28, 2010). "Through the Ages Wins Polish Game Award". Game Salute. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012.a b c d e f g Emrich, Alan (September 1993). "MicroProse's Strategic Space Opera is Rated XXXX". Computer Gaming World (Issue #110). pp.92–93. Archived from the original on 2014-07-16 . Retrieved 2014-07-30.